Tag: Lecture Notes

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Want to start an IoT project but don’t know where to begin?

I get it. IoT is exciting yet overwhelming—so many components, protocols, architectures, and business models. You’ve probably asked yourself:

“Where do I even start?”
“Which IoT platform should I use?”
“How do I build a scalable solution?”

That’s precisely why I wrote “IoT Notes”—a simple, structured, and no-nonsense guide to help you kickstart your IoT journey without confusion.

Why This eBook is Essential for IoT Beginners & Professionals

The Internet of Things is not the future—it’s NOW. Businesses, industries, and even everyday life are being revolutionized by IoT. If you don’t learn about it today, you risk falling behind.

📖 “IoT Notes” covers everything you need to understand, plan, and implement IoT solutions:

✔ What is IoT? (Explained simply, without the tech jargon)
✔ How IoT helps fight COVID-19 (Real-world case studies)
✔ IoT & the Fourth Industrial Revolution – Why now is the best time to get involved
✔ How IoT impacts businesses – Key success factors and challenges
✔ 7 IoT Business Models – How to monetize IoT solutions
✔ Comparing IoT protocols – MQTT vs HTTP, LPWAN, and network choices
✔ IoT architecture & system integration – How everything connects
✔ Top 10 skills to become an IoT Engineer
✔ Favoriot IoT Platform – How to get started for free!
✔ And much more! (Subscribers get free future updates!)

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Dr. Mazlan Abbas
IoT Evangelist | Favoriot Co-Founder

Ripples of Technology and the Tsunami of Disruption

IOT NOTES

Lecture Notes

Today, let’s explore a fascinating analogy between technology waves and a tsunami and what it teaches us about embracing disruptive innovation.

This diagram gives us a vivid understanding of how small technological changes can lead to massive transformations. Let’s break it down step by step.

Based on eBook — IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas

1. Ripples of Technology

Imagine a drop of water falling into a still pond. That single drop creates ripples that spread outward. Similarly, a single new technology creates small ripples of change. But what happens when multiple waves combine?

  • Small Waves: These represent individual technologies making minor changes.
  • Combining Waves: When multiple small technologies integrate and interact, they create larger impact waves.
  • Tsunami Effect: When these waves grow in size and momentum, they lead to a disruption — a sudden and massive transformation.

Key takeaway: New technologies don’t disrupt on their own; the integration of technologies drives large-scale changes.

2. What Happens Before a Tsunami Hits?

The analogy becomes even more powerful when we think about the moments before a tsunami strikes:

  • Sudden Signs: The beach suddenly empties of water, creating a sense of calm before the storm.
  • White Waves Appear: The signs of disruption become visible, but people often don’t take them seriously.
  • Silence: There’s an eerie pause before the massive wave crashes.
  • Unpreparedness: People on the beach are caught off guard and unable to escape.

This is a perfect metaphor for technological revolutions. They often come suddenly, fast, and disastrously for those who are unprepared.

Characteristics of a Revolution:

  • Sudden: Changes happen quickly, often without warning.
  • Disruptive: Entire industries and systems are transformed.
  • Radical Change: Traditional ways of doing things are replaced.
  • Complete: The change impacts everyone, leaving no sector untouched.

3. Surfing the IoT Waves

Let’s bring this analogy to life with the Internet of Things (IoT). Imagine you’re a surfer facing the waves of IoT innovation. How do you ride them instead of being overwhelmed?

  1. Ride the Waves: Stay updated with the latest technological trends. Learn how IoT, AI, and other advancements are shaping industries.
  2. Be Aware of the Next Wave: Just as a surfer looks for the next big wave, keep an eye on emerging technologies that could disrupt your field.
  3. Be the Innovator, Not the Laggard: Take action early. Innovate and adapt before the waves of disruption leave you behind.

4. Key Lessons from the Tsunami Analogy

  • Disruption is Inevitable: Whether you’re ready or not, technological waves will crash onto the shore of your industry.
  • Integration Drives Change: It’s not just one technology but the combination of many that create a tsunami effect.
  • Prepare, Don’t React: Those who prepare for change will thrive, while those who wait to react will struggle to keep up.

Final Thoughts

The tsunami analogy reminds us that we can’t stop the waves of technology, but we can learn to ride them. Whether IoT, AI, or another innovation, the key is to stay proactive, informed, and adaptable. Are you ready to surf the waves of change?

Let’s open the floor for questions or reflections on how you can prepare for the next big wave in your industry.

[Download full eBook IoT Notes for free]

Why is IoT Growing Now?

IOT NOTES

Lecture Notes

Based on eBook — IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas

Today, let’s explore why the Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing a surge in awareness and adoption in recent years. The diagram provides five apparent factors driving this growth, so let’s walk through each step.

1. Hardware Advancements

The first driver of IoT adoption is the rapid development of hardware. Devices are now:

  • Cheaper: The cost of sensors, processors, and connectivity modules has dropped significantly.
  • More Powerful: Today’s smartphones, for instance, are as powerful as the computers that send astronauts to the moon.
  • Smaller: Miniaturisation has made it easier to embed technology into all sorts of devices, from wearable health trackers to smart home appliances.

These advancements make IoT devices accessible to more people and industries.

2. Network Expansion

IoT depends on connectivity, and networks have become more pervasive and diverse:

  • We now have Wi-Fi, 4G/5G, LoRa, NFC, and even satellite networks connecting devices across the globe.
  • This widespread coverage ensures that IoT devices can communicate, no matter where they are located.

Imagine this: You can monitor a sensor in a remote farm or track a shipping container in the middle of the ocean because of this pervasive network infrastructure.

3. Easier and Faster Software Development

Creating IoT solutions has become simpler because:

  • Software tools and platforms are now more user-friendly.
  • Developers can build and deploy solutions quickly with pre-built frameworks, cloud computing, and open-source libraries.

What used to take months or years to program can now be done in days or weeks, speeding up innovation in IoT.

4. Moore’s Law: The Power of Computation

You may have heard of Moore’s Law, which states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years. This leads to:

  • Higher computational power: Devices can handle more complex tasks, such as AI and data processing, on smaller chips.
  • Lower costs over time: IoT solutions can scale quickly with more powerful chips becoming affordable.

This exponential growth in computing power has made IoT a reality.

5. The Network Effect

The network effect explains how IoT becomes more valuable as more connected devices. Here’s why:

  • Everything is connected: Sensors, devices, and systems communicate and generate data.
  • Data generation: The more devices there are, the more data we have. This data can be analysed to gain insights, optimise processes, and improve decision-making.

For example, a smart city network with connected traffic lights, sensors, and cameras can reduce congestion and improve safety by analysing real-time data.

Historical Context

  • The term “IoT” was first coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999.
  • It took years of technological progress for IoT to become mainstream. By 2020, IoT reached a tipping point, integrating with industries worldwide.

Why Now?

The convergence of cheaper hardware, pervasive networks, faster software development, computational power (thanks to Moore’s Law), and the network effect have created the perfect environment for IoT to flourish.

IoT is no longer a futuristic concept — it’s a reality shaping industries like agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing.

Let’s discuss: Which of these factors do you think has had the biggest impact on IoT adoption? How can we use these advancements to innovate further in our fields?

[Note: Download full IoT Notes eBook]

Understanding Data Ownership and Big Data

Today, we’ll discuss two critical topics in the digital age: data ownership and the 4 V’s of Big Data.

This diagram simplifies these concepts, so let’s break them down for better understanding.

Based on eBook — IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas

1. Data Ownership

Data ownership refers to who has the rights and responsibilities over data. There are four main categories:

1. Personal/Household

  • This includes data generated from your personal devices, like your smartphone, fitness tracker, or smart home systems.
  • Example: Steps tracked by your smartwatch, or usage data from your smart TV.
  • You, as the owner of the device, own this data and can decide how it is used or shared.

2. Private

  • This is data collected and owned by companies or enterprises.
  • Example: A company’s internal data about its operations, such as sales performance or employee attendance.
  • Organisations use this data to improve their services, products, or strategies.

3. Public

  • Public data is owned by the government and shared for the benefit of society.
  • Example: Data from weather sensors, air quality monitors, or river level gauges.
  • This data is often accessible to the public for research, awareness, or planning purposes.

4. Commercial Sensor Provider

  • These are entities that deploy, own, and sell data collected from their sensors.
  • Example: A telecommunications company selling location data collected from its network.
  • They monetise the data by providing it to third parties, such as businesses or governments.

2. The 4 V’s of Big Data

Big Data refers to the massive volumes of data generated by digital devices and systems. It is characterised by the 4 V’s:

Volume

  • This is the amount of data, which can be massive in scale.
  • Example: Social media platforms generate terabytes of data every day from user interactions.

Velocity

  • This refers to how fast or slow data is generated and processed.
  • Example: Real-time data from stock markets or traffic monitoring systems must be processed quickly to be useful.

Variety

  • Data comes in different formats, such as text, audio, video, or images.
  • Example: An IoT platform may process data from sensors (numeric values), surveillance cameras (video), and voice commands (audio).

Veracity

  • This addresses the uncertainty or trustworthiness of the data.
  • Example: Ensuring the accuracy of user-generated reviews on e-commerce platforms can be challenging.

Why is This Important?

Understanding data ownership and the nature of Big Data is essential for:

  • Privacy and Security: Knowing who owns and controls your data helps protect your rights.
  • Decision-Making: Leveraging the 4 V’s effectively enables organisations to make informed decisions.
  • Innovation: Big Data drives advancements in fields like healthcare, transportation, and smart cities.

Final Thoughts

Data is the fuel of the digital economy, but with it comes the responsibility to manage it ethically and effectively. Whether it’s your personal data or public data shared by governments, understanding ownership and the dynamics of Big Data is crucial.

Let’s discuss: How can individuals and organisations ensure ethical data usage while maximising its potential? Share your thoughts!

[Note: Download the full eBook IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas]

Climbing the Wisdom Pyramid: Mastering the Stages of Data Transformation (DIKIW)

Today, we’re going to explore a framework called the DIKIW Model. It helps us understand how raw data transforms into valuable wisdom.

The diagram here breaks this journey into five stages: Data, Information, Knowledge, Insight, and Wisdom (DIKIW). Let’s dive into each stage step by step.

1. Data

Data is at the base of the model.

  • Data is like raw material — a series of random dots or unprocessed facts.
  • By itself, it has no meaning. It’s just numbers, words, or measurements.
  • Example: Imagine you have a list of temperatures recorded throughout the day. Without context, it doesn’t tell you much.

Data is “block oil” — it’s valuable, but only when refined.

2. Information

When meaning or relationships are applied to raw data, it becomes information.

  • At this stage, we start to see patterns or groupings.
  • Example: If you organise the temperature readings by time, you’ll see when it’s hottest and coolest during the day.
  • Information provides context and is often visualised using charts, tables, or colour coding.

This is like colouring the dots in the diagram to highlight differences or relationships.

3. Knowledge

Knowledge comes when we make sense of the information and see connections.

  • At this stage, we begin to understand why things happen.
  • Example: Analysing the temperature data might reveal that it’s hottest at noon and coolest at dawn.
  • Knowledge connects the dots and helps us understand patterns or causes.

This is where we start to see the bigger picture, as the diagram shows interconnected lines.

4. Insight

Insight is where things get seriously useful.

  • It’s synthesising knowledge and gaining a deeper understanding of a problem.
  • Example: From the temperature data, you might infer that noon is the best time for solar energy collection, while early morning is ideal for outdoor activities.
  • Insights are actionable. They guide decisions and strategies.

In the diagram, the highlighted paths represent key insights that stand out from the broader connections.

5. Wisdom

At the top of the model is wisdom, the most refined stage.

  • Wisdom is using insights to make informed decisions and act purposefully.
  • Example: Based on your insights, you decide to schedule outdoor activities early in the morning and optimise solar panels to maximise energy collection at noon.
  • Wisdom combines all the previous stages to guide strategic, long-term thinking.

In the diagram, wisdom is depicted as a clear path that guides decision-making.

Why is This Important?

  • In today’s world, data is everywhere, but it’s useless unless transformed into actionable wisdom.
  • The DIKW model helps us understand step-by-step how to extract value from data.

Final Thoughts

Data is the new oil, but it’s only valuable when refined into wisdom. Following the DIKW model, we can move from collecting raw data to making intelligent, informed decisions.

Let’s discuss: How can you apply this model in your work or personal life? Share an example of how you’ve turned data into actionable insights!

[Download eBook IoT Notes to complement these lecture notes]

Examples of IoT Applications and Their Benefits

Today, look at some real-world examples of IoT applications and their benefits.

This diagram focuses on two industries—transportation and logistics and Oil and gas —to illustrate how IoT solutions can reduce costs and improve efficiency. Let’s examine each example in detail.

Based on the eBook — IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas

1. Transportation & Logistics

In this industry, IoT solutions are used to improve the management of vehicles and delivery systems.

IoT Solution:

  • Sensors are installed in vehicles to provide real-time data on their state and performance.
  • These sensors report on engine health, location, and delivery progress.

Benefits (Payback):

Cost Savings:

  • Reduces truck operation and delivery costs by identifying and addressing maintenance issues early.
  • Minimises fuel consumption by optimising delivery routes.

Improved Efficiency:

  • Reduces delivery disruptions and delays.
  • Ensures on-time deliveries and improves overall logistics system performance.

Example in Action: A logistics company uses IoT-enabled fleet management to track delivery vehicles and proactively schedule maintenance, avoiding breakdowns and saving costs.

2. Oil & Gas

The Oil & Gas industry faces unique challenges that IoT can address by enhancing safety and efficiency.

IoT Solution:

  • Sensors are deployed throughout an oil rig to monitor critical components.
  • These sensors detect potential issues and provide operators with real-time alerts.

Benefits (Payback):

Cost Savings:

  • Increases safety by providing early and reliable warnings of potential equipment failures.
  • Prevents costly shutdowns by identifying problems before they escalate.

Improved Efficiency:

  • Real-time alerts enable quicker responses, reducing downtime and improving time-to-revenue.
  • Enhances asset utilisation by ensuring equipment operates optimally (4x improvement).
  • Complete data analysis allows for near real-time decision-making and operational adjustments.

Example in Action: An oil rig uses IoT sensors to monitor drill performance and prevent malfunctions, ensuring smoother operations and faster oil extraction.

Key Takeaways

IoT in Transportation & Logistics:

  • Reduces costs and enhances delivery efficiency through real-time monitoring of vehicles.

IoT in Oil & Gas:

  • Improves safety, reduces downtime, and maximises asset utilisation with real-time alerts and analysis.

Final Thought:
IoT transforms industries by providing actionable data that saves money and improves efficiency. These examples show how IoT can adapt to specific industry needs and bring measurable benefits.

Discussion Question: Which other industries do you think can benefit from similar IoT solutions? Let’s brainstorm together!

[Download IoT Notes eBook for FREE]

Reasons to Consider IoT

IOT NOTES

Lecture Notes

Today, we’re going to discuss the key reasons why organisations should consider adopting IoT (Internet of Things).

The diagram highlights three main benefits: Gain, Retain, and Innovate. Let’s go through each of these in a simple and structured way.

1. Gain

The first reason to consider IoT is the opportunity to gain strategic advantages and stay competitive in the market.

Strategic Advantages: IoT allows businesses to reinvent their business models, offering smarter, data-driven services.

  • Example: A retail store using IoT to track customer preferences and improve in-store experiences.

Become Competitive: By adopting IoT, businesses can stay ahead of competitors who are slow to embrace technology.

  • Example: A logistics company using IoT sensors to optimise delivery routes.

Data-Driven Decisions: IoT provides real-time data, which helps in making better decisions faster.

  • Example: A manufacturer monitoring equipment performance to reduce downtime.

2. Retain

The second reason is about retaining the best employees and maintaining operational efficiency.

Attract and Retain Talent: Employees prefer organisations that use the latest tools and technology to make their work easier and more efficient.

  • Example: Providing engineers with IoT-enabled tools to monitor and control operations remotely.

Ease Workloads with Automation: IoT automates repetitive tasks, allowing employees to focus on higher-value activities.

  • Example: Smart systems in a factory automatically managing inventory levels.

When employees feel supported by modern technology, they are more likely to stay with the organisation.

3. Innovate

The third and perhaps most exciting reason is the ability to innovate with IoT.

Go-to-Market Strategies: IoT enables businesses to develop new strategies to attract and retain customers.

  • Example: A car rental company using IoT for keyless entry and real-time vehicle tracking.

New Products and Services: IoT opens doors to create entirely new offerings that improve the customer experience.

  • Example: Wearable health trackers offering personalised fitness insights.

Better Quality of Life: For individuals and society, IoT can enhance convenience, safety, and overall well-being.

  • Example: Smart homes with automated lighting and security systems.

Efficiency and Savings: IoT reduces costs by optimising resources and processes.

  • Example: Smart irrigation systems saving water in agriculture.

Key Takeaway

The main takeaway is simple: IoT is not just about adopting technology — it’s about creating value by:

  1. Gaining a competitive edge.
  2. Retaining top talent and improving efficiency.
  3. Innovating to improve products, services, and quality of life.

IoT is the key to staying relevant in today’s fast-changing world.

Let’s discuss: Which of these reasons resonates most with your business or personal goals? How can IoT help you achieve them? Let’s explore together!

[Download the FREE eBook— IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas]

Building IoT Using the 3-Question Approach

Today, we will explore a structured way to implement IoT projects called the 3-Question Approach (W-W-H). This approach revolves around asking three key questions: What? Why? How?

Let’s review each step to understand how this framework ensures clarity and direction for IoT solutions.

Based on the eBook — IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas

1. What? (Problem Statement)

The first question is What? which helps us identify the problem we’re trying to solve.

Purpose: To uncover the actual pain points or gaps in current processes.

Steps:

  • Look for inefficiencies or challenges in operations.
  • Identify areas where IoT can provide value.

Examples:

  • Low production rates in a factory.
  • Increasing operational costs.
  • Poor quality control leads to defects.
  • Safety incidents in a workplace.
  • Intermittent services in logistics or delivery.

Understanding the problem is the foundation of any successful IoT project.

2. Why? (Objective & End Goal)

Next, we ask Why?, which focuses on the objective and the end goal of the IoT implementation.

Purpose: Clearly define what you want to achieve and align everyone toward that goal.

Steps:

  • Get buy-in from stakeholders by explaining the benefits.
  • Ensure the outcome can be monitored and measured effectively.

Examples of Objectives:

  • Improve logistics and delivery efficiency.
  • Reduce operational costs.
  • Enhance asset utilisation and reduce errors.
  • Boost overall safety and performance.

Defining the “why” ensures a clear purpose behind the IoT deployment.

3. How? (Solutions)

The final question is How? which focuses on the solutions to address the problem and achieve the goals.

Steps:

Use the DNA approach:

  • D — Device: Identify the right sensors to collect the required data.
  • N — Network: Choose a suitable network for connectivity (e.g., Wi-Fi, LoRa, 5G).
  • A — Applications: Develop platforms (mobile or web) to process and display the data.
  • Decide on an implementation strategy:
  • Build in-house.
  • Operate internally.
  • Outsource to a third party.
  • Collaborate with partners.

Examples of Solutions:

  • Install sensors to monitor production lines in real time.
  • Ensure the network has sufficient coverage and can handle the amount of data.
  • Develop mobile or web applications to provide actionable insights.

The “how” ensures the project is feasible and actionable.

Key Takeaway

The 3-Question Approach provides a clear path for implementing IoT solutions:

  1. What? — Define the problem.
  2. Why? — Establish the objective.
  3. How? — Develop the solution.

This framework ensures every IoT project is focused, aligned, and effective. Think big, but start small.

Let’s discuss: Can you think of an example where this approach could be applied in your industry or daily life? What “What-Why-How” steps would you take? Share your thoughts!

[Download FREE IoT Notes by Mazlan Abbas]

Building IoT with the 3-Step Approach

Lecture Notes

Today, we will explore a simple and practical framework for implementing IoT projects: the 3-Step Approach.

This method ensures a smooth and effective rollout by focusing on small steps, integration, and innovation. Let’s break it down step by step.

Step 1: Think Big, Start Small

The first step is to start with a clear vision (think big) but begin with a small, focused project to gain momentum.

Develop a Small Application: Identify one specific problem and build a targeted solution.

  • Example: A smart thermostat to monitor energy usage in one building rather than an entire campus.

Deliver Immediate Impact: The solution should show quick results to build confidence in IoT’s value.

Mindset Transformation: This small success shifts how people perceive IoT and its potential.

Get Buy-In from Leadership: Demonstrating early results helps secure support from decision-makers like the C-suite executives for future projects.

Step 2: Integrate

Once the initial IoT solution proves its value, it is integrated into the broader system.

Connect to Legacy Systems: Ensure the new IoT solution works seamlessly with existing infrastructure, such as ERP systems or older databases.

  • Example: Integrating smart sensors into a factory’s traditional production line.

Seamless Workflow: Avoid disrupting operations by designing smooth processes between old and new systems.

Break Silos: Encourage collaboration between departments to maximise the benefits of IoT across the organisation.

This step ensures that IoT doesn’t operate in isolation but becomes a part of the larger ecosystem.

Step 3: Innovate

The final step is to use IoT to drive innovation and create new opportunities.

Create New Workflows: Leverage IoT to optimise or redesign how work is done.

  • Example: Using real-time data from IoT sensors to automate maintenance schedules.

Test New Business Models: Experiment with different ways to generate revenue using IoT solutions.

  • Example: Offering predictive maintenance as a subscription service for customers.

Better Analytics and AI: Use advanced analytics and AI to unlock deeper insights from IoT data and automate decision-making.

This stage transforms IoT from a problem-solving tool into a driver for long-term growth and innovation.

Key Takeaway: Think Big, Start Small

The overall lesson is simple:

  1. Start with a big vision, but focus on small, impactful projects to get started.
  2. Build on early successes by integrating solutions into larger systems.
  3. Use IoT to innovate and create new opportunities.

This approach minimises risk, builds momentum, and ensures sustainable growth.

Let’s discuss: What small IoT applications can you think of to start with? How would you scale and integrate them into a more extensive system? Let’s brainstorm together!

[FREE IoT Notes to Download]

Simplest Reasons Why We Need IoT

Lecture Notes

Today, we’ll discuss why the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming essential in our daily lives.

The diagram simplifies this concept by focusing on assets, how we connect them, and why sensing the environment is so important. Let’s break it down step by step.

1. What Are Assets?

Let’s start with a question: What do you consider as assets?
We value and want to monitor, track, or protect assets. These could include:

Goods:

  • We would like to know their location (e.g., where is my delivery?)
  • Or their quality (e.g., is the food shipment fresh?)

Health:

  • Monitoring our condition and ensuring safety are critical.
  • Example: A health wearable that tracks your heart rate and connects to a mobile app.

Transport:

  • Vehicles and public transportation must be tracked for location, routes, and utilisation.
  • Example: A bus fleet monitored for efficient route planning.

House Security:

  • Ensuring homes are safe by monitoring for intrusions or emergencies.
  • Example: A motion sensor that alerts you if there’s unusual activity.

2. The Core Need: Connecting Assets and Sensing the Environment

Why do we need IoT for these assets?
The key lies in sensing and connecting the environment around these assets.

  • In the past, we relied on manual monitoring and human input.
  • Today, we use sensors and applications to gather real-time data and automate processes.

3. How IoT Works

Sensors: Devices attached to assets to sense environmental factors like temperature or humidity.

  • Example: A sensor measuring the humidity in a storage facility for sensitive goods.

Communication: Sensors send this data to an IoT platform for processing and action.

  • Example: A sensor alerts the homeowner if the temperature inside the house drops below a certain threshold.

4. Examples of Other Assets

IoT can be applied to monitor a wide variety of assets, such as:

  • Machines: For predictive maintenance in factories.
  • Plants: To ensure optimal growth conditions in agriculture.
  • Water and Rivers: These are used to monitor pollution or water levels.
  • Environment: For tracking air quality and weather changes.
  • Buildings and Tunnels: For structural safety and efficiency.

5. Why IoT Is Essential

IoT provides us with the ability to:

  • Monitor assets in real time without human intervention.
  • Ensure safety and quality by automating alerts and responses.
  • Improve efficiency by making data-driven decisions.

Final Thoughts

The most straightforward reason we need IoT is to connect our assets and sense the environment effectively.

By doing so, we make life easier and ensure safety, efficiency, and better decision-making.

Let’s discuss: What assets in your life or work could benefit from IoT? How would you use sensors to improve them? Share your thoughts!

[FREE Download IoT Notes]